Jeremy R. Knowles
Amory Houghton Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry
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Publications

Scientific Bibliography:

  1. J. R. Knowles, R. O. C. Norman, and G. K. Radda, "A Quantitative Assessment of Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution," J. Chem. Soc. 4885-4896 (1960).
  2. J. R. Knowles and R. O. C. Norman, "The Transmission of Polar Effects Through Aromatic Systems. Part II. The Nitration of Benzyl Derivatives," J. Chem. Soc. 2938-2947 (1961).
  3. J. R. Knowles and R. O. C. Norman, "The Ortho:Para-Ratio in Aromatic Substitution. Part V. Nitration by Mixed Acid and Acetyl Nitrate," J. Chem. Soc. 3888-3891 (1961).
  4. J. R. Knowles, R. O. C. Norman, and J. H. Prosser, "The Transition State in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution," Proc. Chem. Soc. 341 (1961).
  5. J. R. Knowles, "Minimal Modification of a-Chymotrypsin," Fed. Eur. Biochem. Soc. 24, (1964).
  6. J. R. Knowles, "The Role of Methionine in a-Chymotrypsin-Catalyzed Reactions," Biochem. J. 95, 180-190 (1965).
  7. D. W. Ingles and J. R. Knowles, "The Absence of Substrate Activation in the a-Chymotryptic Hydrolysis of Glycine Substrates," Biochem. J. 96, 71-72 (1965).
  8. A. J. Cornish-Bowden and J. R. Knowles, "A New Continuous Method for Following Pepsin-Catalyzed Reactions," Biochem. J. 96, 71 (1965).
  9. J. R. Knowles, "Enzyme Specificity: a-Chymotrypsin," J. Theoret. Biol. 9, 213-228 (1965).
  10. D. W. Ingles and J. R. Knowles, "The a-Chymotryptic Hydrolysis of Glycine Esters," Biochem. J. 99, 275-282 (1966).
  11. D. W. Ingles, J. R. Knowles, and J. A. Tomlinson, "Specificity in Deacylation of Acyl-a-Chymotrypsin," Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 23, 619-625 (1966).
  12. C. H. Johnson and J. R. Knowles, "The Binding of Inhibitors to a-Chymotrypsin," Biochem. J. 101, 56-62 (1966).
  13. C. H. Johnson and J. R. Knowles, "The Binding of Inhibitors to a-Chymotrypsin at Alkaline pH," Biochem. J. 103, 428-430 (1967).
  14. J. R. Knowles and C. A. Parsons, "Proximity Effects in Bimolecular Reactions in Solution," Chem. Commun. 755-757 (1967).
  15. D. W. Ingles and J. R. Knowles, "Specificity and Stereospecificity of a-Chymotrypsin," Biochem. J. 104, 369-377 (1967).
  16. M. J. Hawkins, J. R. Knowles, L. Wilson, and D. Witcher, "The Interaction of a-Chymotrypsin with Isosteric Substrates of Different Charge Type," Biochem. J. 104, 762-766 (1967).
  17. H. Gutfreund and J. R. Knowles, "The Foundations of Enzyme Action," Essays in Biochemistry 3, 25-72 (1967).
  18. J. R. Knowles and J. M. Preston, "A Convenient Titrant for a-Chymotrypsin and Trypsin," Biochim. Biophys. Acta 151, 290-292 (1968).
  19. R. S. Bayliss and J. R. Knowles, "An Active Site Peptide from Pepsin," Chem. Commun. 196-198 (1968).
  20. D. W. Ingles and J. R. Knowles, "The Stereospecificity of a-Chymotrypsin," Biochem. J. 108, 561-569 (1968).
  21. J. R. Knowles, "Intermolecular Forces and Enzyme Specificity," "Peptides," Proc. 9th European Peptide Symposium, Paris, 1968, pp. 310-324.
  22. F. M. Richards and J. R. Knowles, "Glutaraldehyde as a Protein Cross-Linking Reagent," J. Mol. Biol. 37, 231-233 (1968).
  23. J. R. Knowles and G. B. Wybrant, "The Sequence Around an Active-Site Aspartyl Residue in Pepsin," FEBS Letters 1, 211-212 (1968).
  24. J. R. Knowles, H. Sharp, and P. Greenwell, "The pH-Dependence of the Binding of Competitive Inhibitors to Pepsin," Biochem. J. 113, 343-351 (1969).
  25. A. J. Cornish-Bowden and J. R. Knowles, "The pH-Dependence of Pepsin-Catalyzed Reactions," Biochem. J. 113, 353-362 (1969).
  26. P. Greenwell, J. R. Knowles, and H. Sharp, "The Inhibition of Pepsin-Catalyzed Reactions by Products and Product Analogues," Biochem. J. 113, 363-368 (1969).
  27. A. J. Cornish-Bowden, P. Greenwell, and J. R. Knowles, "The Rate-Determining Step in Pepsin-Catalyzed Reactions, and Evidence Against an Acyl-Enzyme Intermediate," Biochem. J. 113, 369-375 (1969).
  28. R. S. Bayliss, J. R. Knowles, and G. B. Wybrandt, "An Aspartic Acid Residue at the Active Site of Pepsin. The Isolation and Sequence of the Heptapeptide," Biochem. J. 113, 377-386 (1969).
  29. J. R. Knowles and C. A. Parsons, "Proximity Effect in Catalyzed Systems: A Dramatic Effect on Ester Hydrolysis," Nature 221, 53-54 (1969).
  30. J. R. Knowles, "On the Mechanism of Action of Pepsin," Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B257, 135-146 (1970).
  31. A. F. W. Coulson and J. R. Knowles, "Active-Site Directed Inhibition of Triosephosphate Isomerase," Chem. Commun. 7-8 (1970).
  32. J. R. Knowles, R. S. Bayliss, A. J. Cornish-Bowden, P. Greenwell, T. M. Kitson, H. C. Sharp, and G. B. Wybrandt, "Towards a Mechanism for Pepsin," Int. Symp. on Structure-Function Relationships of Proteolytic Enzymes, Copenhagen, June 1969, pp. 237-250.
  33. G. W. J. Fleet, R. R. Porter, and J. R. Knowles, "Affinity Labeling of Antibodies with an Aryl Nitrene as the Reactive Group," Nature 224, 511-512 (1969).
  34. H. Hayaishi, J. R. Knowles, J. R. Katze, J. Lapointe, and D. Söll, "Purification of Leucyl Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetase from Escherichia coli," J. Biol. Chem. 245, 1401-1406 (1970).
  35. J. R. Knowles, J. R. Katze, W. Konigsberg, and D. Söll, "The Interaction of Seryl and of Leucyl Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetases with Their Cognate Transfer Ribonucleic Acids," J. Biol. Chem. 245, 1407-1415 (1970).
  36. T. M. Kitson and J. R. Knowles, "Evidence for an Acyl-Pepsin Intermediate: A Reappraisal," Chem. Commun. 361-362 (1970).
  37. A. F. W. Coulson, J. R. Knowles, J. D. Priddle, and R. E. Offord, "Uniquely Labeled Active Site Sequence in Chicken Muscle Triosephosphate Isomerase," Nature 227, 180-181 (1970).
  38. C. A. Blyth and J. R. Knowles, "The Kinetic Consequences of Intermolecular Attraction. I. The Aminolysis of p-Nitrophenyl Decanoate and Acetate by n-Decylamine and Ethylamine," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93, 3017-3021 (1971).
  39. C. A. Blyth and J. R. Knowles, "The Kinetic Consequences of Intermolecular Attraction. II. The Hydrolysis of a Series of Fatty Acid p-Nitrophenyl Esters Catalyzed by a Series of N-n-Alkylimidazoles. A Very Simple Esterase Model," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93, 3021-3027 (1971).
  40. T. M. Kitson and J. R. Knowles, "The Inhibition of Pepsin-Catalyzed Reactions by Structural and Stereochemical Product Analogues," Biochem. J. 122, 241-247 (1971).
  41. T. M. Kitson and J. R. Knowles, "The Pathway of Pepsin-Catalyzed Transpeptidation. Evidence for the Reactive Species Being the Anion of the Acceptor Molecule," Biochem. J. 122, 249-256 (1971).
  42. T. M. Kitson and J. R. Knowles, "The Effect of Arginine Modification on the pH-Dependence of Pepsin Activity," FEBS Letters 16, 337-338 (1971).
  43. J. R. Knowles, "The Problem of Antibody Specificity: A New Approach to Receptor Site Labeling," Yale Scientific 45, 12-19 (1971).
  44. J. R. Knowles, "Photogenerated Reagents for Biological Receptor-Site Labeling," Acc. Chem. Res. 5, 155-160 (1972).
  45. J. R. Knowles, P. F. Leadlay, and S. G. Maister, "Triosephosphate Isomerase: Isotope Studies on the Mechanistic Pathway," Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Vol. XXXVI, 1971, pp. 157-164.
  46. G. W. J. Fleet, J. R. Knowles, and R. R. Porter, "The Antibody Binding Site. Labeling of a Specific Antibody Against the Photo-Precursor of an Aryl Nitrene," Biochem. J. 128, 499-508 (1972).
  47. S. J. Putman, A. F. W. Coulson, I. R. T. Farley, B. Riddleston, and J. R. Knowles, "Specificity and Kinetics of Triosephosphate Isomerase from Chicken Muscle," Biochem. J. 129, 301-310 (1972).
  48. B. Plaut and J. R. Knowles, "pH-Dependence of the Triosephosphate Isomerase Reaction," Biochem. J. 129, 311-320 (1972).
  49. S. de la Mare, A. F. W. Coulson, and J. R. Knowles, "Active-Site Labeling of Triosephosphate Isomerase. The Reaction of Bromohydroxyacetone Phosphate with a Unique Glutamic Acid Residue and the Migration of the Label to Tyrosine," Biochem. J. 129, 321-331 (1972).
  50. A. K. Paterson and J. R. Knowles, "The Number of Catalytically Essential Carboxyl Groups in Pepsin. Modification of the Enzyme by Trimethyloxonium Fluoroborate," Eur. J. Biochem. 31, 510-517 (1972).
  51. R. A. G. Smith and J. R. Knowles, "Aryldiazirines. Potential Reagents for Photolabeling of Biological Receptor Sites," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 95, 5072-5073 (1973).
  52. G. A. Orr and J. R. Knowles, “The Interaction of the Phosphonate Analogue of 3-Phospho-D-glycerate with Phosphoglycerate Kinase,” Biochem. J. 141, 721-723 (1974).
  53. J. R. Knowles, "Evolutionary Perfection. The Energetics of Triosephosphate Isomerase," Chimia 28, 196 (1974).
  54. J. R. Knowles, "Chemical Modification and the Reactivity of Amino Acids in Proteins," Chapter 5 in Chemistry and Macromolecules, ed. H. Gutfreund, Vol. 1 of MTP International Review of Science, Biochemistry Series, 1974, pp. 149-184.
  55. J. R. Knowles and H. Gutfreund, "The Functions of Proteins as Devices," Chapter 10 in Chemistry in Macromolecules, ed. H. Gutfreund, Vol. 1 of MTP International Review of Science, Biochemistry Series, 1974, pp. 375-397.
  56. S. Wilkinson and J. R. Knowles, "A Comparison of Purified Valyl Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus and from Escherichia coli," Biochem. J. 139, 391-398 (1974).
  57. R. A. G. Smith and J. R. Knowles, "The Utility of Photoaffinity Labels as 'Mapping' Reagents. A Study of Sub-Populations of a Specific Rabbit Antibody by Using Structurally Related Photoaffinity Reagents," Biochem. J. 141, 51-56 (1974).
  58. M. R. Webb and J. R. Knowles, "The Existence of an Electrophilic Component in the Reaction Catalyzed by Triosephosphate Isomerase," Biochem. J. 141, 589-592 (1974).
  59. A. J. Bridges and J. R. Knowles, "An Examination of the Utility of Photogenerated Reagents by Using a-Chymotrypsin," Biochem. J. 143, 663-668 (1974).
  60. C. M. Joyce and J. R. Knowles, "Affinity Chromatography of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases on Specific tRNA Columns Without Prior Purification of tRNA," Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 60, 1278-1285 (1974).
  61. R. A. G. Smith and J. R. Knowles, "The Preparation and Photolysis of 3-Aryl-3H-Diazirines," J. Chem. Soc. Perkin II, 686-694 (1975).
  62. A. K. Newmark and J. R. Knowles, "Acyl- and Amino-Transfer Routes in Pepsin-Catalyzed Reactions," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 3557-3559 (1975).
  63. P. E. Johnson, S. J. Abbott, G. A. Orr, M. Sémériva, and J. R. Knowles, "On the 'Phosphoryl-Enzyme' of Phosphoglycerate Kinase," Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 62, 382-389 (1975).
  64. A. Hall and J. R. Knowles, "The Uncatalyzed Rates of Enolization of Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate and of Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate in Neutral Aqueous Solution. The Quantitative Assessment of the Effectiveness of an Enzyme Catalyst," Biochemistry 14, 4348-4352 (1975).
  65. M. R. Webb and J. R. Knowles, "The Orientation and Accessibility of Substrates on the Active Site of Triosephosphate Isomerase," Biochemistry 14, 4692-4698 (1975).
  66. L. M. Fisher, W. J. Albery, and J. R. Knowles, "The Nature of the Proton Transfer from an Acid Group at the Active Site of an Enzyme, to Solvent Water," Disc. Faraday Soc. 10, 154-159 (1975).
  67. J. R. Knowles, "Whither Enzyme Mechanisms?", FEBS Letters 62, E53-E61 (1976).
  68. P. E. Johnson, S. J. Abbott, G. A. Orr, M. Sémériva, and J. R. Knowles, "The 'Phosphoryl-Enzyme' from Phosphoglycerate Kinase," Biochemistry 15, 2893-2901 (1976).
  69. P. E. Johnson, S. G. Maister, M. Sémériva, J. M. Young, and J. R. Knowles, (Appendix) - "Crystalline 3-Phospho-D-Glycerate Kinase from Horse Muscle," Biochemistry 15, 2899-2901 (1976).
  70. J. R. Knowles, "The Intrinsic pKa-Values of Functional Groups in Enzymes: Improper Deductions from the pH-Dependence of Steady-State Parameters," Crit. Rev. Biochem. 165-173 (1976).
  71. H. Bayley and J. R. Knowles, "Photoaffinity Labeling," in Methods in Enzymology, ed. W. B. Jakoby and M. Wilchek, Vol. XLVI, 1977, pp. 69-114.
  72. W. J. Albery and J. R. Knowles, "Deuterium and Tritium Exchange in Enzyme Kinetics," Biochemistry 15, 5588-5600 (1976).
  73. J. M. Herlihy, S. G. Maister, W. J. Albery, and J. R. Knowles, "Energetics of Triosephosphate Isomerase: The Fate of the 1(R)-3H Label of Tritiated Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate in the Isomerase Reaction," Biochemistry 15, 5601-5607 (1976).
  74. S. G. Maister, C. P. Pett, W. J. Albery, and J. R. Knowles, "Energetics of Triosephosphate Isomerase: The Appearance of Solvent Tritium in Substrate Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate and in Product," Biochemistry 15, 5607-5612 (1976).
  75. S. J. Fletcher, J. M. Herlihy, W. J. Albery, and J. R. Knowles, "Energetics of Triosephosphate Isomerase: The Appearance of Solvent Tritium in Substrate Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate and in Product," Biochemistry 15, 5612-5617 (1976).
  76. P. F. Leadlay, W. J. Albery, and J. R. Knowles, "Energetics of Triosephosphate Isomerase: Deuterium Isotope Effects in the Enzyme Catalyzed Reaction," Biochemistry 15, 5617-5620 (1976).
  77. L. M. Fisher, W. J. Albery, and J. R. Knowles, "Energetics of Triosephosphate Isomerase: The Nature of the Proton Transfer Between the Catalytic Base and Solvent Water," Biochemistry 15, 5621-5626 (1976).
  78. W. J. Albery and J. R. Knowles, "Free-Energy Profile for the Reaction Catalyzed by Triosephosphate Isomerase," Biochemistry 15, 5627-5631 (1976).
  79. W. J. Albery and J. R. Knowles, "Evolution of Enzyme Function and the Development of Catalytic Efficiency," Biochemistry 15, 5631-5640 (1976).
  80. W. J. Albery and J. R. Knowles, "The Determination of the Rate-Limiting Step in a Proton Transfer Reaction from the Breakdown of the Swain-Schaad Relation," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 637-638 (1977).
  81. A. Hall and J. R. Knowles, "Directed Selective Pressure on a b-Lactamase to Analyze Molecular Changes Involved in Development of Enzyme Function," Nature 264, 803-804 (1976).
  82. J. R. Knowles and W. J. Albery, "Perfection in Enzyme Catalysis: The Energetics of Triosephosphate Isomerase," Acc. Chem. Res. 10, 105-111 (1977).
  83. M. R. Webb, D. N. Standring, and J. R. Knowles, "Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate in the Presence of Triosephosphate Isomerase. The Question of Nonproductive Binding of the Substrate Hydrate," Biochemistry 16, 2738-2741 (1977).
  84. W. J. Albery and J. R. Knowles, "Efficiency and Evolution of Enzyme Catalysis," Angew. Chem. Intl. Ed. Engl. 16, 285-293 (1977).
  85. J. A. Gatehouse and J. R. Knowles, "Phosphoglycerate Mutase from Wheat Germ: Studies with Isotopically Labeled 3-Phospho-D-Glycerates Showing that the Catalyzed Reaction is Intramolecular," Biochemistry 16, 3045-3050 (1977).
  86. P. F. Leadlay, R. Breathnach, J. A. Gatehouse, P. E. Johnson, and J. R. Knowles, (Appendix) - "Phosphoglycerate Mutase from Wheat Germ: Isolation, Crystallization, and Properties," Biochemistry 16, 3050-3053 (1977).
  87. R. Breathnach and J. R. Knowles, "Phosphoglycerate Mutase from Wheat Germ: Studies with 18O-Labeled Substrate, Investigations of the Phosphatase and Phosphoryl Transfer Activities, and Evidence for a Phosphoryl-Enzyme Intermediate," Biochemistry 16, 3054-3060 (1977).
  88. C. M. Clarke and J. R. Knowles, "Affinity Chromatography of Aminoacyl-Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetases. I. Small Organic Ligands," Biochem. J. 167, 405-417 (1977).
  89. C. M. Clarke and J. R. Knowles, "Affinity Chromatography of Aminoacyl-Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetases. II. Cognate Transfer Ribonucleic Acid as a Ligand," Biochem. J. 167, 419-428 (1977).
  90. J. R. Knowles, "Why Mechanistic Enzymology?," Trends in Biochem. Sci. N278-N279 (Dec., 1979).
  91. J. V. Staros, H. Bayley, D. N. Standring, and J. R. Knowles, "Reduction of Aryl Azides by Thiols: Implications for the Use of Photoaffinity Reagents," Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 80, 568-572 (1978).
  92. S. J. Abbott, S. R. Jones, S. A. Weinman, and J. R. Knowles, "Chiral-[16O,17O,18O]Phosphate Monoesters. I. Asymmetric Synthesis and Stereochemical Analysis of [1-(R)-16O,17O,18O]Phospho-(S)-Propane-1,2-Diol," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100, 2558-2650 (1978).
  93. G. A. Orr, J. Simon, S. R. Jones, G. J. Chin, and J. R. Knowles, "Adenosine 5'-O-([g-18O]g-thio)Triphosphate Chiral at the g-Phosphorus: Stereochemical Consequences of Reactions Catalyzed by Pyruvate Kinase, Glycerol Kinase, and Hexokinase," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 2230-2233 (1978).
  94. J. Fisher, R. L. Charnas, and J. R. Knowles, "Kinetic Studies on the Inactivation of Escherichia coli RTEM b-Lactamase by Clavulanic Acid," Biochemistry 17, 2180-2184 (1978).
  95. R. L. Charnas, J. Fisher, and J. R. Knowles, "Chemical Studies on the Inactivation of Escherichia coli RTEM b-Lactamase by Clavulanic Acid," Biochemistry 17, 2185-2189 (1978).
  96. H. Bayley and J. R. Knowles, "Photogenerated Reagents for Membrane Labeling. Phenylnitrene Formed within the Lipid Bilayer," Biochemistry 17, 2414-2419 (1978).
  97. H. Bayley and J. R. Knowles, "Photogenerated Reagents for Membrane Labeling. Phenylcarbene and Adamantylidene Formed within the Lipid Bilayer," Biochemistry 17, 2420-2423 (1978).
  98. J. G. Belasco, J. M. Herlihy, and J. R. Knowles, "Critical Ionization States in the Reaction Catalyzed by Triosephosphate Isomerase," Biochemistry 17, 2971-2978 (1978).
  99. J. V. Staros and J. R. Knowles, "Photoaffinity Inhibition of Dipeptide Transport in Escherichia coli," Biochemistry 17, 3321-3325 (1978).
  100. H. Bayley, D. N. Standring, and J. R. Knowles, "Propane-1,3-Dithiol: A Selective Reagent for the Efficient Reduction of Alkyl and Aryl Azides to Amines," Tetrahedron Lett. 3633-3634 (1978).
  101. J. F. Fisher and J. R. Knowles, "Bacterial Resistance to b-Lactams: The b-Lactamases," Ann. Reports in Medicinal Chemistry 13, ed. C. Walsh, Chapter 25, pp. 239-248 (1978).
  102. J. M. Sue and J. R. Knowles, "Retention of the Oxygens at C-2 and C-3 of D-Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate in the Reaction Catalyzed by Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase," Biochemistry 17, 4041-4044 (1978).
  103. S. R. Jones, L. A. Kindman, and J. R. Knowles, "Stereochemistry of Phosphoryl Group Transfer Using a Chiral [16,17O,18O]Phosphate Monoester: The Stereochemical Course of Alkaline Phosphatase," Nature 275, 564-565 (1978).
  104. J. Boger and J. R. Knowles, "To Stabilize a Transition State...," Ciba Foundation Symposium on Molecular Interactions and Activity in Proteins 60, 225-242 (1978).
  105. R. L. Charnas, J. Fisher, and J. R. Knowles, "Clavulanic Acid: A Suicide Inactivator for the b-Lactamase from E. coli," Enzyme-Activated Irreversible Inhibitors, eds. N. Seiler, M. J. Jung and J. Koch-Weser, pp. 315-322 (1978).
  106. W. A. Blättler and J. R. Knowles, "The Stereochemical Course of Glycerol Kinase: Phosphoryl Transfer from Chiral[g(S)-16O,17O,18O]-ATP," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101, 510-511 (1979).
  107. S. J. Abbott, S. R. Jones, S. A. Weinman, F. M. Bockhoff, F. W. McLafferty, and J. R. Knowles, "Chiral [16O,17O,18O]Phosphate Monoesters: Asymmetric Synthesis and Stereochemical Analysis of [1(R)-16O,17O,18O]Phospho-(S)-propane-1,2-diol," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101, 4323-4332 (1979).
  108. W. A. Blättler and J. R. Knowles, "The Stereochemical Course of Phosphokinases: The Use of [g(S)-16O,17O,18O]Adenosine Triphosphate in the Reactions Catalyzed by Glycerol Kinase, Hexokinase, Pyruvate Kinase and Acetate Kinase," Biochemistry 18, 3927-3933 (1979).
  109. J. Boger, D. G. Brenner, and J. R. Knowles, "Symmetrical Triamino-per-O-methyl-a-Cyclodextrin: Preparation and Characterization of Primary Trisubstituted a-Cyclodextrins," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101, 7630-7631 (1979).
  110. J. Boger and J. R. Knowles, "Symmetrical Triamino-per-O-methyl-a-cyclodextrin: A Host for Phosphate Esters Exploiting Both Hydrophobic and Electrostatic Interactions in Aqueous Solution," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101, 7631-7633 (1979).
  111. D. H. Pliura, D. Schomburg, J. P. Richard, P. A. Frey and J. R. Knowles, "Stereochemical Course of Phosphokinase Using a Chiral [18O]Phosphorothioate. Comparison with the Transfer of a Chiral [16O,17O,18O]-Phosphoryl Group," Biochemistry 19, 325-329 (1980).
  112. J. G. Belasco and J. R. Knowles, "Direct Observation of Substrate Distortion by Triosephosphate Isomerase Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy," Biochemistry 19, 472-477 (1980).
  113. H. C. Neu, M. Richmond, S. Mitsuhashi, C.-E. Nord, G. W. Ross, J. R. Knowles, and R. Sutherland, "b-Lactamase: A Major Form of Bacterial Resistance," Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Disease, ed. J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Amer. Soc. for Microbiology, Vol. I, pp. 19-25 (1980).
  114. W. A. Blättler and J. R. Knowles, "Phosphoglycerate Mutases: Stereochemical Course of the Phosphoryl Group Transfers Catalyzed by the Cofactor-Dependent Enzyme from Rabbit Muscle and the Cofactor-Independent Enzyme from Wheat Germ," Biochemistry 19, 738-743 (1980).
  115. J. F. Fisher and J. R. Knowles, "The Inactivation of b-Lactamase by Mechanism-Based Reagents," Enzyme Inhibitors as Drugs, ed. M. Sandler, MacMillan, London, pp. 209-218 (1980).
  116. J. R. Knowles, "Enzyme-Catalyzed Phosphoryl Transfer Reactions," Annu. Rev. Biochem. 49, 877-919 (1980).
  117. D. N. Standring and J. R. Knowles, "Photoaffinity Labeling of Lactate Dehydrogenase by the Carbene Derived from the 3-Diazirino Analogue of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide," Biochemistry 19, 2811-2816 (1980).
  118. J. Fisher, J. G. Belasco, R. L. Charnas, S. Khosla and J. R. Knowles, "b-Lactamase Inactivation by Mechanism-Based Reagents," Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London B289, 309-319 (1980).
  119. J. Fisher, J. G. Belasco, S. Khosla and J. R. Knowles, "b-Lactamase Proceeds via an Acyl Enzyme Intermediate: Interaction of the E. coli RTEM Enzyme with Cefoxitin," Biochemistry 19, 2895-2901 (1980).
  120. H. Bayley and J. R. Knowles, "Photogenerated, Hydrophobic Reagents for Intrinsic Membrane Proteins," Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 346, 45-58 (1980).
  121. H. Bayley and J. R. Knowles, "Photogenerated Reagents for Membranes: Selective Labeling of Intrinsic Membrane Proteins in the Human Erythrocyte Membrane," Biochemistry 19, 3883-3892 (1980).
  122. S. L. Buchwald and J. R. Knowles, "Determination of the Absolute Configuration of [16O,17O,18O]Phosphate Monoesters by Using 31P NMR," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102, 6601-6602 (1980).
  123. J. R. Knowles, "The Inhibition and Inactivation of b-Lactamase," Enzyme Inhibitors, ed. Brodbeck, U., Verlag Chemie: Weinheim, pp. 163-167 (1980).
  124. D. G. Brenner, R. L. Charnas, J. Fisher, C. Kemal and J. R. Knowles, "The Incapacitation of the RTEM b-Lactamase," b-Lactam Antibiotics, ed. M. Salton and G.D. Shockman, Academic Press, pp. 301-310 (1981).
  125. J. Fisher, R. L. Charnas, S. M. Bradley and J. R. Knowles, "Inactivation of the RTEM b-Lactamase from Escherichia coli: Interaction of Penam Sulfones with Enzyme," Biochemistry 20, 2726-2731 (1981).
  126. R. L. Charnas and J. R. Knowles, "Inhibition of the RTEM b-Lactamase from Escherichia coli: Interaction of Enzyme with Derivatives of Olivanic Acid," Biochemistry 20, 2732-2737 (1981).
  127. R. L. Charnas and J. R. Knowles, "Inactivation of RTEM b-Lactamase from Escherichia coli by Clavulanic Acid and 9-Deoxyclavulanic Acid," Biochemistry 20, 3214-3219 (1981).
  128. D. G. Brenner and J. R. Knowles, "Penicillanic Acid Sulfone: An unexpected Isotope Effect in the Interaction of 6a- and 6b-Monodeutero and of 6,6-Dideutero Derivatives with RTEM b-Lactamase from Escherichia coli," Biochemistry 20, 3680-3687 (1981).
  129. C. Kemal and J. R. Knowles, "Penicillanic Acid Sulfone: Interaction with RTEM b-Lactamase from Escherichia coli at Different pH Values," Biochemistry 20, 3688-3695 (1981).
  130. D. E. Hansen and J. R. Knowles, "The Stereochemical Course of the Reaction Catalyzed by Creatine Kinase," J. Biol. Chem. 256, 5967-5969 (1981).
  131. M. S. Saini, S. L. Buchwald, R. L. Van Etten, and J. R. Knowles, "Stereochemistry of Phospho Transfer Catalyzed by Bovine Liver Acid Phosphatase," J. Biol. Chem. 256, 10453-10455 (1981).
  132. S. L. Buchwald, D. H. Pliura and J. R. Knowles, "Stereochemistry and Mechanism of an Acid-Catalyzed 1,2-Phospho Group Migration: Evidence for Pseudorotation in the Reaction of a Phosphoric Monoester," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 845-847 (1982).
  133. S. L. Buchwald and J. R. Knowles, "Nucleophilic Displacement on Phosphoric Monoesters: Stereochemical Evidence," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 1438-1440 (1982).
  134. J. R. Knowles, "Phospho Transfer Enzymes: Lessons from Stereochemistry," Fed. Proc. 41, 2424-2431 (1982).
  135. C. E. Grimshaw, S. G. Sogo and J. R. Knowles, "The Fate of the Hydrogens of Phosphoenolpyruvate in the Reaction Catalyzed by 5-Enolpyruvoylshikimate-3-phosphate Synthase," J. Biol. Chem. 257, 596-598 (1982).
  136. A. D. Charles, A. E. Gautier, M. D. Edge, and J. R. Knowles, "Targeted Point Mutation that Creates a Unique Eco R1 Site within the Signal Codons of the b-Lactamase Gene without Altering Enzyme Secretion or Processing," J. Biol. Chem. 257, 7930-7932 (1982).
  137. C. J. Easton and J. R. Knowles, "Inhibition of the RTEM b-Lactamase from Escherichia coli. Interaction of the Enzyme with Derivatives of Olivanic Acid," Biochemistry 21, 2857-2862 (1982).
  138. B. G. Saver and J. R. Knowles, "Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase: Enzyme-Catalyzed Appearance of Solvent Tritium at C-3 of Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate Reisolated After Partial Reaction," Biochemistry 21, 5398-5403 (1982).
  139. J. M. Sue and J. R. Knowles, "Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase: Fate of the Tritium Label in [3-3H]Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate During the Enzyme-Catalyzed Reaction," Biochemistry 21, 5404-5410 (1982).
  140. J. M. Sue and J. R. Knowles, "Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase: Primary Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effects Using [3-2H]Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate," Biochemistry 21, 5410-5414 (1982).
  141. G. S. Begley, D. E. Hansen, G. R. Jacobson, and J. R. Knowles, "Stereochemical Course of the Reactions Catalyzed by the Bacterial Phosphoenolpyruvate:Glucose Phosphotransferase System," Biochemistry 21, 5552-5556 (1982).
  142. D. E. Hansen and J. R. Knowles, "The Stereochemical Course at Phosphorus of the Reaction Catalyzed by Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase," J. Biol. Chem. 257, 14795-14798 (1982).
  143. A. Hassett, W. Blättler, and J. R. Knowles, "Pyruvate Kinase: Is the Mechanism of Phospho Transfer Associative or Dissociative?" Biochemistry 24, 6335-6340 (1982).
  144. S. L. Buchwald, D. E. Hansen, A. Hassett and J. R. Knowles, "Chiral [16O,17O,18O]Phosphoric Monoesters as Stereochemical Probes of Phosphotransferases," Methods in Enzymology 87, 279-301 (1982).
  145. C.-H. Wong, A. Pollack, S. D. McCurry, J. M. Sue, J. R. Knowles, and G. M. Whitesides, "Synthesis of Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate: Routes from Glucose 6-Phosphate (via 6-Phosphogluconate) and from Adenosine Monophosphate (via Ribose 5-Phosphate)," Methods in Enzymology 89, 108-121 (1982).
  146. J. R. Knowles, "Anti-b-Lactamase Agents," Antibiotics Vol. VI, Ed. F. E. Hahn, Springer-Verlag, pp. 90-107 (1983).
  147. J. G. Belasco, W. J. Albery, and J. R. Knowles, "Double Isotope Fractionation: Test for Concertedness and for Transition-State Dominance," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105, 2475-2477 (1983).
  148. J. G. Belasco and J. R. Knowles, "Polarization of Substrate Carbonyl Groups by Yeast Aldolase: Investigation by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy," Biochemistry 22, 122-129 (1983).
  149. J. T. Kadonaga and J. R. Knowles, "The Role of Mono- and Di-valent Metal Cations in the Catalysis by Yeast Aldolase," Biochemistry 22, 130-136 (1983).
  150. L. Addadi, E. K. Jaffe, and J. R. Knowles, "Secondary Tritium Isotope Effects as Probes of the Enzymic and Non-enzymic Conversion of Chorismate to Prephenate," Biochemistry 22, 4494-4501 (1983).
  151. J. T. Kadonaga, A. E. Gautier, D. R. Straus, A. D. Charles, M. D. Edge, and J. R. Knowles, "The Role of the b-Lactamase Signal Sequence in the Secretion of Proteins by E. coli," J. Biol. Chem. 259, 2149-2154 (1984).
  152. S. L. Buchwald, M. S. Saini, J. R. Knowles, and R. L. Van Etten, "Stereochemical Course of Phospho Group Transfer by Human Prostatic Acid Phosphatase," J. Biol. Chem. 259, 2208-2213 (1984).
  153. C. E. Grimshaw, S. G. Sogo, S. D. Copley, and J. R. Knowles, "Synthesis of Stereoselectively Labeled [9-2H,3H]Chorismate and the Stereochemical Course of 5-Enolpyruvoylshikimate-3-phosphate Synthetase," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106, 2699-2700 (1984).
  154. S. E. Sogo, T. S. Widlanski, J. H. Hoare, C. E. Grimshaw, G. A. Berchtold, and J. R. Knowles, "Stereochemistry of the Rearrangement of Chorismate to Prephenate: Chorismate Mutase Involves a Chair Transition State," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106, 2701-2703 (1984).
  155. S. L. Buchwald, J. M. Friedman, and J. R. Knowles, "Stereochemistry of Nucleophilic Displacement on Two Phosphoric Monoesters and a Phosphoguanidine: The Role of Metaphosphate," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106, 4911-4916 (1984).
  156. S. L. Buchwald, D. H. Pliura, and J. R. Knowles, "Stereochemical Evidence for Pseudorotation in the Reaction of a Phosphoric Monoester," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106, 4917-4922 (1984).
  157. J. W. Frost and J. R. Knowles, "3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonic Acid 7-Phosphate: Chemical Synthesis and Isolation from Escherichia coli Auxotrophs," Biochemistry 23, 4465-4469 (1984).
  158. J. R. Knowles, "Enzyme Catalysis: Lessons from Stereochemistry," Pure and Applied Chem. Vol. 56, pp. 1005-1010 (1984).
  159. J. R. Knowles, "Chorismate Mutase: An Enzyme-catalyzed Pericyclic Reaction?" Proceedings of the Robert A. Welch Foundation Conferences on Chemical Research XXVII. Stereospecificity in Chemistry and Biochemistry, pp. 149-169 (1984).
  160. J. W. Frost, J. L. Bender, J. T. Kadonaga, and J. R. Knowles, "Dehydroquinate Synthetase from E. coli: Purification, Cloning, and the Construction of Overproducers of the Enzyme," Biochemistry 23, 4470-4475 (1984).
  161. D. G. Brenner and J. R. Knowles, "Penicillanic Acid Sulfone: The Nature of the Irreversible Inactivation of the RTEM b-Lactamase from E. coli," Biochemistry 23, 5833-5839 (1984).
  162. D. G. Brenner and J. R. Knowles, "6-Methoxymethylenepenicillanic Acid: An Inactivator of the RTEM b-Lactamase from E. coli," Biochemistry 23, 5839-5846 (1984).
  163. C. J. Easton and J. R. Knowles, "Correlation of the Effect of b-Lactamase Inhibitors on b-Lactamase in Growing Cultures of Gram-Negative Bacteria with Their Effect on the Isolated b-Lactamase," Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 26, 358-363 (1984).
  164. A. G. Cook and J. R. Knowles, "Phosphoenolpyruvate Synthetase and Pyruvate, Orthophosphate Dikinase: The Stereochemical Consequences at Both the b- and g- Phospho Groups of ATP," Biochemistry 24, 51-58 (1985).
  165. J. T. Kadonaga and J. R. Knowles, "A simple and efficient method for chemical mutagenesis of DNA," Nucleic Acids Res. 13, 1733-1745 (1985).
  166. D. Straus, R. Raines, E. Kawashima, J. R. Knowles, and W. Gilbert, "Active site of triosephosphate isomerase: In vitro mutagenesis and characterization of an altered enzyme," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 2272-2276 (1985).
  167. J. R. Knowles, "Penicillin Resistance: The Chemistry of b-Lactamase Inhibition," Acc. Chem. Res. 18, 97-104 (1985).
  168. S. D. Copley and J. R. Knowles, "The Uncatalyzed Claisen Rearrangement of Chorismate to Prephenate Prefers a Transition State of Chair-like Geometry," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107, 5306-5308 (1985).
  169. J. M. Friedman and J. R. Knowles, "The Quest for Free Metaphosphate in Solution: Racemization at Phosphorus in the Transfer of the Phospho Group from Phenyl Phosphate to tert-butanol in Acetonitrile," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107, 6126-6127 (1985).
  170. J. T. Kadonaga, A. Plückthun, and J. R. Knowles, "Signal Sequence Mutants of b-Lactamase," J. Biol. Chem. 260, 16192-16199 (1985).
  171. D. E. Hansen and J. R. Knowles, "N-Carboxybiotin Formation by Pyruvate Carboxylase: The Stereochemical Consequence at Phosphorus," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107, 8304-8305 (1985).
  172. R. T. Raines, D. R. Straus, W. Gilbert, and J. R. Knowles, "The Kinetic Consequences of Altering the Catalytic Residues of Triosephosphate Isomerase," Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A317, 371-380 (1986).
  173. L. M. Fisher, J. G. Belasco, T. W. Bruice, W. J. Albery, and J. R. Knowles, "Proline Racemase: Oversaturation and Interconversion of Enzyme Forms," Mechanisms of Enzymatic Reactions: Stereochemistry, Proceedings of the 15th Steenbock Symposium, P. A. Frey, ed.; Elsevier, pp. 205-216 (1986).
  174. S. J. O'Keefe and J. R. Knowles, "Enzymatic Biotin-Mediated Carboxylation is Not a Concerted Process," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108, 328-329 (1986).
  175. L. M. Fisher, W. J. Albery, and J. R. Knowles, "Energetics of Proline Racemase: Racemization of Unlabeled Proline in the Unsaturated, Saturated and Oversaturated Regimes," Biochemistry 25, 2529-2537 (1986).
  176. L. M. Fisher, W. J. Albery, and J. R. Knowles, "Energetics of Proline Racemase: Tracer Perturbation Experiments Using [14-C]Proline that Measure the Interconversion Rate of the Two Forms of Free Enzyme," Biochemistry 25, 2538-2542 (1986).
  177. L. M. Fisher, J. G. Belasco, T. W. Bruice, W. J. Albery, and J. R. Knowles, "Energetics of Proline Racemase: Transition State Fractionation Factors for the Two Protons Involved in the Catalytic Steps," Biochemistry 25, 2543-2551 (1986).
  178. J. G. Belasco, W. J. Albery, and J. R. Knowles, "Energetics of Proline Racemase: The Double Fractionation Experiment -- A Test for Concertedness and for Transition State Dominance," Biochemistry 25, 2552-2558 (1986).
  179. J. G. Belasco, T. W. Bruice, W. J. Albery, and J. R. Knowles, "Energetics of Proline Racemase: Fractionation Factors for the Essential Catalytic Groups in the Enzyme-Substrate Complexes," Biochemistry 25, 2558-2564 (1986).
  180. J. G. Belasco, T. W. Bruice, L. M. Fisher, W. J. Albery, and J. R. Knowles, "Energetics of Proline Racemase: Rates, Fractionation Factors, and Buffer Catalysis in the Oversaturated Region. The Nature of the Interconversion of the Two Forms of Free Enzyme," Biochemistry 25, 2564-2571 (1986).
  181. W. J. Albery and J. R. Knowles, "Energetics and Mechanism of Proline Racemase," Biochemistry 25, 2572-2577 (1986).
  182. A. Minsky, R. G. Summers, and J. R. Knowles, "Secretion of b-Lactamase into the Periplasm of E. coli: Evidence for a Distinct Release Step Associated with a Conformation Change," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 4180-4184 (1986).
  183. S. J. O'Keefe and J. R. Knowles, "Biotin-dependent Carboxylation Catalyzed by Transcarboxylase is a Stepwise Process," Biochemistry 25, 6077-6084 (1986).
  184. R. T. Raines and J. R. Knowles, "The Mechanistic Pathway of a Mutant Triosephosphate Isomerase," Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 471, 266-271 (1986).
  185. R. T. Raines, E. L. Sutton, D. R. Straus, W. Gilbert, and J. R. Knowles, "The Reaction Energetics of a Mutant Triosephosphate Isomerase in which the ActiveSite Glutamate has been Changed to Aspartate," Biochemistry 25, 7142-7154 (1986).
  186. T. S. Widlanski, S. L. Bender and J. R. Knowles, "On the Mechanism of Dehydroquinate Synthase," Stereochemistry of Organic and Bioorganic Transformations, Workshop Conferences Hoechst, Vol 17, W. Bartmann and K. B. Sharpless, eds., Verlag Chemie, pp. 275-282 (1987).
  187. W. J. Albery and J. R. Knowles, "Energetics of Enzyme Catalysis. Isotopic Experiments, Enzyme Interconversion, and Oversaturation," J. Theoret. Biol. 124, 137-171 (1987).
  188. W. J. Albery and J. R. Knowles, "Energetics of Enzyme Catalysis. Oversaturation, Case Diagrams, Reversible and Irreversible Behavior," J. Theoret. Biol. 124, 173-189 (1987).
  189. S. Mehdi, J. W. Frost, and J. R. Knowles, "Dehydroquinate synthase from Escherichia coli and its Substrate 3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonic Acid 7-phosphate," Methods Enzymol. 142, 306-314 (1987).
  190. J. R. Knowles, "Tinkering with Enzymes: What are We Learning?" Science 236, 1252-1258 (1987).
  191. A. Plückthun and J. R. Knowles, "The Consequences of Stepwise Deletions from the Signal Processing Site of b-Lactamase," J. Biol. Chem. 262, 3951-3957 (1987).
  192. T. S. Widlanski, S. L. Bender, and J. R. Knowles, "Stereochemical Course of the Cryptic Elimination and Cyclization Steps in the Reaction Catalyzed by Dehydroquinate Synthase," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109, 1873-1875 (1987).
  193. S. Freeman, J. M. Friedman and J. R. Knowles, "Free Monomeric Metaphosphate in Protic Solution: Complete Racemization at Phosphorus in the tert-Butyl Alcoholysis of p-Nitrophenyl Phosphate," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109, 3166-3168 (1987).
  194. S. D. Copley and J. R. Knowles, "The Conformational Equilibrium of Chorismate in Solution: Implications for the Mechanism of the Non-Enzymic and the Enzyme-Catalyzed Rearrangements of Chorismate to Prephenate," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109, 5008-5013 (1987).
  195. W. J. Guilford, S. D. Copley, and J. R. Knowles, "On the Mechanism of the Chorismate Mutase Reaction," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109, 5013-5019 (1987).
  196. R. T. Raines and J. R. Knowles, "Enzyme Relaxation in the Reaction Catalyzed by Triosephosphate Isomerase: Detection and Kinetic Characterization of Two Unliganded Forms of the Enzyme," Biochemistry 26, 7014-7020 (1987).
  197. J. D. Hermes, S. C. Blacklow, K. A. Gallo, A. J. Bauer, and J. R. Knowles, "The Evolution of Enzyme Function," Protein Structure , Folding, and Design 2, UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology, D. Oxender, ed., pp. 257-264, A.R. Liss, (1987).
  198. J. D. Hermes, S. C. Blacklow, and J. R. Knowles, "The Development of Enzyme Catalytic Efficiency: An Experimental Approach," Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 52, 597-602 (1987).
  199. J. D. Hermes and J. R. Knowles, "The Search for Catalytic Improvement in an Enzyme: The Generation of and the Selection from Pools of Random Mutants," Proceedings of the Robert A. Welch Foundation Conferences on Chemical Research XXXI, pp. 207-220 (1987).
  200. J. M. Friedman, S. Freeman, and J. R. Knowles, "The Quest for Free Metaphosphate in Solution: Racemization at Phosphorus in the Transfer of the Phospho Group from Aryl Phosphate Monoesters to tert-Butyl Alcohol in Acetonitrile or in tert-Butyl Alcohol," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110, 1268-1275 (1988).
  201. S. C. Blacklow, R. T. Raines, W. A. Lim, P. D. Zamore, and J. R. Knowles, "Triosephosphate Isomerase Catalysis is Diffusion Controlled," Biochemistry 27, 1158-1167 (1988).
  202. M-f. Ho, H.N. Bramson, D. E. Hansen, J. R. Knowles, and E. T. Kaiser, "Stereochemical Course of the Phospho Group Transfer Catalyzed by cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110, 2680-2681 (1988).
  203. J. E. Butler-Ransohoff, D. A. Kendall, S. Freeman, J. R. Knowles, and E. T. Kaiser, "Stereochemistry of Phospho Group Transfer Catalyzed by a Mutant Alkaline Phosphatase," Biochemistry 27, 4777-4780 (1988).
  204. E. B. Nickbarg and J. R. Knowles, "Triosephosphate Isomerase: The Energetics of the Reaction Catalyzed by the Yeast Enzyme Expressed in Escherichia coli," Biochemistry 27, 5939-5947 (1988).
  205. E. B. Nickbarg, R. C. Davenport, G. A. Petsko, and J. R. Knowles, "Triosephosphate Isomerase: Removal of a Putatively Electrophilic Histidine Residue Results in a Subtle Change in Catalytic Mechanism," Biochemistry 27, 5948-5960 (1988).
  206. J. D. Clark, S. J. O'Keefe, and J. R. Knowles, "Malate Synthase: Proof of a Stepwise Claisen Condensation Using the Double Isotope Fractionation Test," Biochemistry 27, 5961-5971 (1988).
  207. T. Ogita and J. R. Knowles, "On the Intermediacy of Carboxyphosphate in Biotin-Dependent Carboxylations," Biochemistry 27, 8028-8033 (1988).
  208. H. M. Seidel, S. Freeman, H. Seto, and J. R. Knowles, "Phosphonate Biosynthesis: The Isolation and Characterization of Phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphomutase, the Enzyme Responsible for the Formation of a Carbon-Phosphorus Bond," Nature 335, 457-458 (1988).
  209. P. D. Kountz, S. Freeman, A. G. Cook, M. Raafat El-Maghrabi, J. R. Knowles, and S. J. Pilkis, "The Stereochemical Course of Phospho Group Transfer Catalyzed by Rat Liver 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase," J. Biol. Chem. 263, 16069-16072 (1988).
  210. S. C. Blacklow, J. D. Hermes, and J. R. Knowles, "The Improvement of Catalytic Effectiveness of an Enzyme: Pseudorevertant Triosephosphate Isomerases Obtained by Random Mutagenesis of Catalytically Sluggish Mutants," Protein Structure & Protein Engineering, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 59-64 (1988).
  211. T. Widlanski, S. L. Bender, and J. R. Knowles, "Dehydroquinate Synthase: A Sheep in Wolf's Clothing?" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 2299-2300 (1989).
  212. J. R. Knowles, "The Mechanism of Biotin-dependent Enzymes," Annu. Rev. Biochem. 58, 195-221 (1989).
  213. J. J. Burbaum and J. R. Knowles, "The Nature of Pyruvate Bound to Pyruvate Kinase as Determined by 13C NMR Spectroscopy," Bioorganic Chem. 17, 359-371 (1989).
  214. S. L. Bender, S. Mehdi, and J. R. Knowles, "Dehydroquinate Synthase: The Role of Divalent Metal Cations and of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Catalysis," Biochemistry 28, 7555-7560 (1989).
  215. S. L. Bender, T. S. Widlanski, and J. R. Knowles, "Dehydroquinate Synthase: The Use of Substrate Analogues to Probe the Early Steps of the Catalyzed Reaction," Biochemistry 28, 7560-7572 (1989).
  216. T. S. Widlanski, S. L. Bender, and J. R. Knowles, "Dehydroquinate Synthase: The Use of Substrate Analogues to Probe the Late Steps of the Catalyzed Reaction," Biochemistry 28, 7572-7582 (1989).
  217. J. R. Knowles, "Mechanistic Ingenuity in Enzyme Catalysis: Dehydroquinate Synthase," Aldrichimica Acta Vol. 22, 59-66 (1989).
  218. T. Baasov and J. R. Knowles, "The First Enzyme of the Shikimate Pathway: Is 3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate Synthase (tyrosine-sensitive) a Copper Metalloenzyme?" J. Bacteriol. 171, 6155-6160 (1989).
  219. J. J. Burbaum, R. T. Raines, W. John Albery, and J. R. Knowles, "Evolutionary Optimization of the Catalytic Effectiveness of an Enzyme," Biochemistry 28, 9293-9305 (1989).
  220. J. J. Burbaum and J. R. Knowles, "Internal Thermodynamics of Enzymes Determined by Equilibrium Quench: Values of Kint for Enolase and for Creatine Kinase," Biochemistry 28, 9306-9317 (1989).
  221. R. G. Summers and J. R. Knowles, "Illicit Secretion of a Cytoplasmic Protein into the Periplasm of Escherichia coli Requires a Signal Peptide plus a Portion of the Cognate Secreted Protein: Demarcation of the Critical Region of the Mature Protein," J. Biol. Chem. 264, 20074-20081 (1989).
  222. R. G. Summers, C. R. Harris, and J. R. Knowles, "A Conservative Amino Acid Substitution, Arginine for Lysine, Abolishes Export of a Hybrid Protein in Escherichia coli: Implications for the Mechanism of Protein Secretion," J. Biol. Chem. 264, 20082-20088 (1989).
  223. S. Freeman, H. M. Seidel, C. H. Schwalbe, and J. R. Knowles, "Phosphonate Biosynthesis: The Stereochemical Course of Phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphomutase," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 9233-9234 (1989).
  224. J. D. Hermes, S. M. Parekh, S. C. Blacklow, H. Köster, and J. R. Knowles, "A reliable method for random mutagenesis: the generation of mutant libraries using spiked oligodeoxyribonucleotide primers," Gene 84, 143-151 (1989).
  225. J. V. Gray, B. Golinelli-Pimpaneau, and J. R. Knowles, "Monofunctional Chorismate Mutase from Bacillus subtilis: Purification of the Protein, Molecular Cloning of the Gene and Overexpression of the Gene Product in Escherichia coli," Biochemistry 29, 376-383 (1990).
  226. J. D. Hermes, S. C. Blacklow, and J. R. Knowles, "Searching Sequence Space by Definably Random Mutagenesis: Improving the Catalytic Potency of an Enzyme," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 696-700 (1990).
  227. D. L. Pompliano, A. Peyman, and J. R. Knowles, "Stabilization of a Reaction Intermediate as a Catalytic Device: Definition of the Functional Role of the Flexible Loop in Triosephosphate Isomerase," Biochemistry 29, 3186-3194 (1990).
  228. S. C. Blacklow, D. L. Pompliano, and J. R. Knowles, "Manipulative Mutagenesis of Enzymes," Protein and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Vol. 110, A. R. Liss, Inc., eds. C. Craik, R. Fletterick, C. R. Matthews, and J. Wells, pp. 159-166 (1990).
  229. S. C. Blacklow and J. R. Knowles, "How Can a Catalytic Lesion Be Offset? The Energetics of Two Pseudorevertant Triosephosphate Isomerases," Biochemistry 29, 4099-4108 (1990).
  230. E. G. Mueller, S. S. Khandekar, J. R. Knowles, and G. R. Jacobson, "Stereochemical Course of the Reactions Catalyzed by the Bacterial Phosphoenolpyruvate:Mannitol Phospho-transferase System," Biochemistry 29, 6892-6896 (1990).
  231. J. V. Gray, D. Eren, and J. R. Knowles, "Monofunctional Chorismate Mutase from Bacillus subtilis: Kinetic and 13C-NMR Studies on the Interactions of the Enzyme with its Ligands," Biochemistry 29, 8872-8878 (1990).
  232. H. M. Seidel, S. Freeman, C. H. Schwalbe, and J. R. Knowles, "Phosphonate Biosynthesis: The Stereochemical Course of Phosphoenolpyruvate Mutase," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 8149-8155 (1990).
  233. J. R. Knowles, “A Feast for Chemists,” Chem. Rev. 90 (1990).
  234. E. A. Komives, L. C. Chang, E. Lolis, R. F. Tilton, G. A. Petsko, and J. R. Knowles, "Electrophilic Catalysis in Triosephosphate Isomerase: The role of Histidine-95," Biochemistry 30, 3011-3019, (1991).
  235. J. R. Knowles, "Enzyme catalysis: not different, just better," Nature 350, 121-124 (1991).
  236. S. C. Blacklow and J. R. Knowles, "Spiked Oligonucleotide Mutagenesis," Directed Mutagenesis: A Practical Approach, IRL Press, ed. M. J. McPherson, pp. 177-198 (1991).
  237. P. D. Pansegrau, K. S. Anderson, T. Widlanski, J. E. Ream, R. D. Sammons, J. A. Sikorski, and J. R. Knowles, "Synthesis and Evaluation of Two New Inhibitors of EPSP Synthase," Tetrahedron Letters 32, 2589-2592 (1991).
  238. G. D. Glick and J. R. Knowles, "Molecular Recognition of Bivalent Sialosides by Influenza Virus," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 4701-4703 (1991).
  239. P. J. Lodi and J. R. Knowles, "Neutral Imidazole Is the Electrophile in the Reaction Catalyzed by Triosephosphate Isomerase: Structural Origins and Catalytic Implications," Biochemistry 30, 6948-6956 (1991).
  240. S. C. Blacklow, K. D. Liu, and J. R. Knowles, "Stepwise Improvements in Catalytic Effectiveness: Independence and Interdependence in Combinations of Point Mutations of a Sluggish Triosephosphate Isomerase," Biochemistry 30, 8470-8476 (1991).
  241. J. R. Knowles, “Calmer Waters in the Channel?” J. theoret. Biol. 152, 53-54 (1991).
  242. J. R. Knowles, "To build an enzyme...", Phil. Trans. R.Soc. Lond. B332, 115-121 (1991).
  243. P. L. Toogood, P. K. Galliker, G. D. Glick, and J. R. Knowles "Monovalent Sialosides that Bind Tightly to Influenza A Virus," J. Med. Chem. 34, 3138-3140 (1991).
  244. G. D. Glick, P. L. Toogood, D. C. Wiley, J. J. Skehel, and J. R. Knowles, "Ligand Recognition by Influenza Virus," J. Biol. Chem. 266, 23660-23669 (1991).
  245. N. K. Sauter, G. D. Glick, R. L. Crowther, S.-J. Park, M. B. Eisen, J. J. Skehel, J. R. Knowles, and D. C. Wiley, "Crystallographic Detection of a Second Ligand Binding Site in Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 324-328 (1992).
  246. S. Freeman, S. J. Pollack, and J. R. Knowles, "Synthesis of the Unusual Metabolite Carboxyphosphonoenolpyruvate. Cloning and Expression of Carboxyphosphono-enolpyruvate Mutase," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114, 377-378 (1992).
  247. H. M. Seidel, D. L. Pompliano, and J. R. Knowles, “Phosphonate Biosynthesis: Molecular Cloning of the Gene for Phosphoenolpyruvate Mutase from Tetrahymena pyriformis and Overexpression of the Gene Product in Escherichia coli,” Biochemistry, 31, 2598-5608 (1992).
  248. H. M. Seidel, D. L. Pompliano, and J. R. Knowles, "Exons as Microgenes?" Science 257, 1489-1490 (1992).
  249. E. G. Weinhold and J. R. Knowles, "Design and Evaluation of a Tightly Binding Fluorescent Ligand for Influenza A Hemagglutinin," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114, 9270-9275 (1992).
  250. S. J. Pollack, S. Freeman, D. L. Pompliano, and J. R. Knowles, "Cloning, overexpression and mechanistic studies of carboxyphosphonoenolpyruvate mutase from Streptomyces hygroscopicus," Eur. J. Biochem. 209, 735-743 (1992).
  251. N. S. Sampson and J. R. Knowles, "Segmental Movement: Definition of the Structural Requirements for Loop Closure in Catalysis by Triosephosphate Isomerase," Biochemistry 31, 8482-8487 (1992).
  252. N. S. Sampson and J. R. Knowles, "Segmental Motion in Catalysis: Investigation of a Hydrogen Bond Critical for Loop Closure in the Reaction of Triosephosphate Isomerase," Biochemistry 31, 8488-8494 (1992).
  253. E. G. Mueller, M. W. Crowder, B. A. Averill, and J. R. Knowles, "Purple Acid Phosphatase: A Diiron Enzyme that Catalyzes a Direct Phospho Group Transfer to Water," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 2974-2975 (1993).
  254. K. A. Gallo and J. R. Knowles, "Purification, Cloning, and Cofactor Independence of Glutamate Racemase from Lactobacillus," Biochemistry 32, 3981-3990 (1993).
  255. K. A. Gallo, M. E. Tanner, and J. R. Knowles, "Mechanism of the Reaction Catalyzed by Glutamate Racemase," Biochemistry 32, 3991-3997 (1993).
  256. M. E. Tanner, K. A. Gallo, and J. R. Knowles, "Isotope Effects and the Identification of Catalytic Residues in the Reaction Catalyzed by Glutamate Racemase," Biochemistry 32, 3998-4006 (1993).
  257. P. J. Lodi and J. R. Knowles, "Direct Evidence for the Exploitation of an a-Helix in the Catalytic Mechanism of Triosephosphate Isomerase," Biochemistry 32, 4338-4343 (1993).
  258. H. M. Seidel and J. R. Knowles, "Interaction of Inhibitors with Phosphoenolpyruvate Mutase: Implications for the Reaction Mechanism and the Nature of the Active Site," Biochemistry 33, 5641-5646 (1994).
  259. P. J. Lodi, L. C. Chang, J. R. Knowles, and E. A. Komives, "Triosephosphate Isomerase Requires a Positively Charged Active Site: The Role of Lysine 12," Biochemistry 33, 2809-2814 (1994).
  260. Z. Zhang, S. Sugio, E. A. Komives, K. D. Liu, J. R. Knowles, G. A. Petsko, and D. Ringe, "Crystal Structure of Recombinant Chicken Triosephosphate Isomerase– Phosphoglycolohydroxamate Complex at 1.8-Å Resolution," Biochemistry 33, 2830-2837 (1994).
  261. J. V. Gray and J. R. Knowles, "Monofunctional Chorismate Mutase from Bacillus subtilis: FTIR Studies, and the Mechanism of Action of the Enzyme," Biochemistry 33, 9953-9959 (1994).
  262. S. R. Anderson, V. E. Anderson, and J. R. Knowles, "Primary and Secondary Kinetic Isotope Effects as Probes of the Mechanism of Yeast Enolase," Biochemistry 33, 10545-10555 (1994).
  263. L. Fanuel, B. Granier, J-M. Wilkin, C. Bellefroid-Bourguignon, B. Joris, J. R. Knowles, E. Komives, J. Van Beeumen, J-M. Ghuysen and J. M. Frere, "The Precursor of the Streptomyces R61 DD-peptidase containing a C-terminal Extension is Inactive," FEBS Lett. 351, 49-52 (1994).
  264. H. Schurig, N. Beaucamp, R. Ostendorp, R. Jaenicke, E. Adler, and J. R. Knowles, "Phosphoglycerate Kinase and Triosephosphate Isomerase from the Hyperthermophilic Bacterium Thermotoga maritima Form a Covalent Bifunctional Enzyme Complex," EMBO Journal 14, 442-451 (1995).
  265. B. L. Bertolaet and J. R. Knowles, "Complementation of Fragments of Triosephosphate Isomerase Defined by Exon Boundaries," Biochemistry 34, 5736-5743 (1995).
  266. B. L. Bertolaet, H. M. Seidel, and J. R. Knowles, "Introns and the Origin of Protein-Coding Genes," Science 268, 1367 (1995).
  267. J. R. Knowles, "The Anatomy of an Enzyme," Proceedings of the Welch Foundation 39th Conference on Chemical Research pp. 165-171 (1995).
  268. E. Adler and J. R. Knowles, "A Thermolabile Triosephosphate Isomerase from the Psychrophile Vibrio sp. strain ANT-300," Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 321, 137-139 (1995).
  269. J. R. Knowles, “Seeing is Believing,” Science 299, 2002-2003 (2003).
  270. J. R. Knowles, “The Dyson Perrins Laboratory at Oxford,” Org. Biomol. Chem. (2003) in press.